Sybrant

Introduction: Bug can be defined as the abnormal behavior of the software. No software exists without a bug. The elimination of bugs from the software depends upon the efficiency of testing done on the software. A bug is a specific concern about the quality of the Application under Test (AUT).

Bug Life Cycle:

In software development process, the bug has a life cycle. The bug should go through the life cycle to be closed. A specific life cycle ensures that the process is standardized. The bug attains different states in the life cycle. The life cycle of the bug can be shown diagrammatically as follows:

The different states of a bug can be summarized as follows:
1. New
2. Open
3. Assign
4. Test
5. Verified
6. Deferred
7. Reopened
8. Duplicate
9. Rejected and
10. Closed

DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS STAGES:

1. New: When the bug is posted for the first time, its state will be “NEW”. This means that the bug is not yet approved.

2. Open: After a tester has posted a bug, the lead of the tester approves that the bug is genuine and he changes the state as “OPEN”.

3. Assign: Once the lead changes the state as “OPEN”, he assigns the bug to corresponding developer or developer team. The state of the bug now is changed to “ASSIGN”.

4. Test: Once the developer fixes the bug, he has to assign the bug to the testing team for next round of testing. Before he releases the software with bug fixed, he changes the state of bug to “TEST”. It specifies that the bug has been fixed and is released to testing team.

5. Deferred: The bug, changed to deferred state means the bug is expected to be fixed in next releases. The reasons for changing the bug to this state have many factors. Some of them are priority of the bug may be low, lack of time for the release or the bug may not have major effect on the software.

6. Rejected: If the developer feels that the bug is not genuine, he rejects the bug. Then the state of the bug is changed to “REJECTED”.

7. Duplicate: If the bug is repeated twice or the two bugs mention the same concept of the bug, then one bug status is changed to “DUPLICATE”.

8. Verified: Once the bug is fixed and the status is changed to “TEST”, the tester tests the bug. If the bug is not present in the software, he approves that the bug is fixed and changes the status to “VERIFIED”.

9. Reopened: If the bug still exists even after the bug is fixed by the developer, the tester changes the status to “REOPENED”. The bug traverses the life cycle once again.

10. Closed: Once the bug is fixed, it is tested by the tester. If the tester feels that the bug no longer exists in the software, he changes the status of the bug to “CLOSED”. This state means that the bug is fixed, tested and approved.

While defect prevention is much more effective and efficient in reducing the number of defects, most organization conducts defect discovery and removal. Discovering and removing defects is an expensive and inefficient process. It is much more efficient for an organization to conduct activities that prevent defects

GUIDELINES ON DECIDING THE SEVERITY OF A BUG:

Indicate the impact each defect has on testing efforts or users and administrators of the application under test. This information is used by developers and management as the basis for assigning priority of work on defects.

A sample guideline for assignment of Priority Levels during the product test phase includes:

Critical / Show Stopper — An item that prevents further testing of the product or function under test can be classified as Critical Bug. No workaround is possible for such bugs. Examples of this include a missing menu option or security permission required to access a function under test.

Major / High — A defect that does not function as expected/designed or cause other functionality to fail to meet requirements can be classified as Major Bug. The workaround can be provided for such bugs. Examples of this include inaccurate calculations; the wrong field being updated, etc.

Average / Medium — The defects which do not conform to standards and conventions can be classified as Medium Bugs. Easy workarounds exists to achieve functionality objectives. Examples include matching visual and text links which lead to different end points.

Minor / Low — Cosmetic defects which does not affect the functionality of the system can be classified as Minor Bugs. Continuous testing of an application as new functionality is added; requires that various aspects of an application’s functionality be independent enough to work separately before all parts of the program are completed, or that test drivers be developed as needed; done by programmers or by testers.

Trends in mobile industry

I have got here bits of recent developments in the mobile arena.This is also an area where cost gets lesser and lesser as days flow and the technology reaches even the common man.First I give you some information about about Google’s GPhone which will run on Android OS and will be manufactured by companies like HTC,LG,Samsung etc.Then I present you the tinformation about a latest cell phone introduced by Onida which more than satisfies a common man’s requirements.The reason I have compiled these information is that in this new era the  emphasis is on reduction of cost and advanced technology reaching the common man.Now read on…

 Google’s Android,A threat to Symbian Phones? Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance.

Google will soon be offering the “Android” OS for the mobiles which has become a reality thanks to the open handset alliance,a group of more
than 30 technology and mobile companies which include Google,HTC,Intel,Motorola etc.  have come together to accelerate innovation in mobile and offer consumers a richer,less expensive,and better mobile experience.Symbian,the common OS in the existing mobile phones will soon face a daunting challenge from Android,which is claimed to be the first complete,open and free mobile platform.That’s not enough,the search engine giant,Google has launched the Android Developer Challenge,which will provide US$10 million in awards for great mobile apps built on the Android platform.The contest which is open from 2nd januvary 2008 till march 3rd,is attracting developers from around the globe to develop applications that surprise and delight mobile users.The alliance boasts of who’s who of the mobile industre,and company like LG is launhing its next mbile phone(KU990)loaded with Android.Samsung is also exited and has lined up few new models for the new year.The future of mobile phones is diificult to predict as companies like Intel,Nvidia and Motorola have joined the Android-base bandwagon.With the rise of Google’s android ,symbian may be the history of mobile platforms.Let us expect less expensive mobile phones with more advanced and rich features like that of Apple’s Iphone.

Why the delay in Release of GPhone?Handset maker High Tech Computer (HTCKF) is “having structural problems to incorporate Google’s demanded feature set”;HTC is “demanding a guaranteed minimum revenue surety from Google” ..Probably HTC does not think there will be enough demand for GPhone.”Google’s operating system software for the phone, Android, “is not able to attract enough developers because toolkits offered by Microsoft (MSFT), Apple (AAPL), Research in Motion (RIMM), and Nokia’s (NOK) Symbian software group, have sucked up software developers’ attention. 

Nokia buys Symbian to battle GPhone

Nokia has today announced  strategic acquisition that will help it fend off the challenge from the Apple iPhone and Google’s upcoming Android operating system

Nokia, the Finnish company announced a plan on June 2008 to acquire the 52 per cent of Symbian Ltd. it doesn’t already own for £209m and make the platform open source.

All of the major stakeholders in Symbian, including Sony Ericsson, Panasonic, and Siemens, have accepted the offer, representing approximately 91% of the Symbian shares.  Nokia doesn’t have a definitive answer form Samsung Electronics yet, but expects them to accept the offer as well. 

Part of this move might be an answer to the delays Google’s Android operating system is currently experiencing. But at the same time, this could also be driven by Nokia wanting to have more control over both the hardware and software side of its business, similar to how Apple has created its own operating system for the iPhone.

  Onida V110,A phone with 28 days battery backup 

The main feature of Onida V110, is its battery backup.Company claimed that the phone will get a battery backup of about 28 hours.This phone have other fatures like expandable memory and mp3 player which makes the phone worth the money.The new cellphone of onida cost’s about Rs 2600/-

The new Onida V110 comes from the house of Onida . The V110 has high quality and innovative technology.Among V series of mobile phones G110 is very stylish and compact.The wireless FM on the V110 is with its inbuilt antenna. It also contain features like long battery life, Micro SD card ,mp3 player and gprs/wap. This will be a boon for extensive travellers who cannot charge their cell phones frequently. However the phone has launched recently and the performance has not been evaluated widely.

Specifications

* FM Radio with Built in Antenna * GPRS
* Battery Standby time up to 28days * Display : 65K TFT color Display
* Phonebook capacity : 200 contacts * Available color : Black
* Micro SD card expandable to 2 GB * MP3 player

Hope these information will have atleast made you marvel about the high technology that may be even  available for a lesser price tomorrow.

It is hardly surprising that a sizeable chunk of the over 3.6 lakh Engineering students, who graduate every year from various colleges and institutes across the country, aspire to be a part of the vibrant IT landscape. It is an attractive and growth-oriented industry with enormous global exposure. Besides, with the outsourcing industry in India having tapped less than three percent of the global outsourcing industry, it is also brimming with unlimited opportunities for bright minds.
   The IT services exports, BPO exports and domestic IT industries provide direct employment to an estimated 865,000, 704,000 and 427,000 professionals respectively. A Nasscom McKinsey Global Institute study predicts a shortfall of over five lakh IT and ITeS professionals by 2010.
   As is true with all other sectors, understanding the industry and its demands is essential for students to be successful in the IT industry. Indeed, students who score high marks in examinations and show consistent academic performance have a distinct advantage during campus interviews. After all, a strong academic foundation is the launch pad for great job opportunities.
   Increasingly, a successful professional in the IT and other industries is one who can apply theoretical learning to practical situations. Technical proficiency is therefore a prerequisite for entry-level professionals. However, it is interesting to note that what companies are also looking for these days are several other attributes that determine how effective a professional is.
   Apart from technical skills, a “can-do-attitude” and the ability to communicate clearly are what make a difference nowadays. “Hire for attitude and train for skills” is the new mantra companies have adopted while recruiting freshers. It is therefore necessary to cultivate communication and presentation skills, business etiquette, crosscultural adaptability and other behavioural skills. During job interviews, students are assessed on their application of what they have learnt as part of their curriculum, their attitude, ability to adapt to new environments and reinvent themselves.
   An interesting trend in the IT industry is that companies are increasingly providing solutions to business problems and not just technology problems. As a result, the IT industry is now looking for professionals with varied academic even non-technical-backgrounds to leverage their expertise in helping their clients address their business challenges.
   IT majors are now recruiting doctors, pharmacists, lawyers, chartered accountants, statisticians, supply chain specialists and management graduates, to name a few, who bring in the necessary subject matter expertise to understand clients’ businesses and their pain points. As a result, entry-level professionals from varied academic backgrounds can also look forward to promising careers in the IT industry.
   As IT majors ascend the value chain, IT professionals are required to combine technical excellence with knowledge of industry domains ranging from banking and insurance to manufacturing and healthcare. They are now expected to specialise in Technology, Industry (Domain), Programme/Project Management or Consulting.
   Besides, foreign language skills also command a premium in the IT industry today. With companies increasing their geographic footprint, there is an increased demand for people with a global mindset and knowledge of foreign languages such as Chinese, Japanese, French, German and Spanish.
   Imbibing your subject fundamentals, thinking big, continuously learning new things and inculcating good communication and interpersonal skills can well be your way to being a successful IT professional.

BitTorrent is a protocol that enables fast downloading of large files using minimum Internet bandwidth. It is a peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P) communications protocol. BitTorrent is a method of distributing large amounts of data widely without the original distributor incurring the entire costs of hardware, hosting, and bandwidth resources. Unlike other download methods, it maximizes transfer speed by gathering pieces of the file you want and downloading these pieces simultaneously from people who already have them. This process makes popular and very large files, such as videos and television programs, download much faster than is possible with other protocols.

How it operates:

A torrent client is any program that implements this BitTorrent protocol. Each client can prepare, request and transmit any kind of file from a computer over a network. Peer is any computer running an instance of a client. To share a file or group of files, a peer first creates a small file called a “torrent” (e.g. filename.torrent). This file contains metadata about the files to be shared and about the tracker, the computer that coordinates the file distribution. A metadata file (.torrent) is distributed to all peers Usually via HTTP. The metadata file contains the information of the file to be downloaded to the Peer. It contains

1. The SHA-1 hashes of all pieces
2. A mapping of the pieces to files
3. A tracker reference

Peers that want to download the file first obtain a metadata file for it, and connect to the specified tracker, which tells them from which other peers to download the pieces of the file. The tracker is a central server keeping a list of all peers participating in the swarm and swarm is the set of peers that are participating in distributing the same files. A peer joins a swarm by asking the tracker for a peer list and connects to those peers.

A BitTorrent file distribution consists of these entities:

An ordinary web server

A static ‘metainfo’ file

• A BitTorrent tracker
• An ‘original’ downloader
• The end user web browsers
• The end user downloaders

There are ideally many end users for a single file.

To start serving, a host goes through the following steps:

1. Start running a tracker (or, more likely, have one running already).
2. Start running an ordinary web server, such as apache, or have one already.
3. Associate the extension .torrent with mimetype application/x-bittorrent on their web server (or have done so already).
4. Generate a metainfo (.torrent) file using the complete file to be served and the URL of the tracker.
5. Put the metainfo file on the web server.
6. Link to the metainfo (.torrent) file from some other web page.
7. Start a downloader which already has the complete file (the ‘origin’).

To start downloading, do the following:

1. Install BitTorrent (or have done so already).
2. Surf the web.
3. Click on a link to a .torrent file.
4. Select where to save the file locally, or select a partial download to resume.
5. Wait for download to complete.
6. Tell downloader to exit (it keeps uploading until this happens).

Thus Bittorrents will give us the flexible way of sharing the large amount of static data or files. If you are downloading a chunk of data from the network and another user downloading an earlier chunk from you - no one server is overwhelmed, and the more popular a file, the higher its availability is. It’s perfect for large files that are most interesting when they’re fresh — it’s perfect for TV shows.

The concept of “Eternal Sunshine”, as I quote no reference to begin with, can be pulled along as many directions as there are opinions and points of view. And as I write, I leave it to the reader to make extensions to the limited content I post in this place. And, to the world that seeks no light at the brim of its sublime artifactual creations, I would better state that I make no sense. At the best bet, my discussion sticks to having ‘eternal sunshine’ in one’s own life and the encapsulating world.

I would like to state just the things that I get to see in regularity. And as I am no saint, I don’t intend to divert to the world of no-thought, no-emotion and no-ambition. For those who feel that the entire world is their platform to play, it is nice to see how different and also how similar their thought patterns and acts tend to be. In the very show of crawling through the pipes and climbing up the ladders, there seems to exist some perseverance, which is quite different from the lot. Added with a sense of worship and a sense of fever, it does help in cracking the toughest nuts and creating the shortest paths. But, the one question that arises all the while is “for what is it in life that you tend to do all the sacrifice and tend to sacrilege the resources of this world?”

Being part of the troupe that runs in hope of the ultimate star-shine, I do criticize myself, for quite frequently forgetting to observe the sunshine that I can otherwise savor. Days, weeks and months may pass with little to remember and cherish about. But why is it so?.. Don’t we enjoy what we do?.. Or don’t we leave ourselves time to cherish what we do?…. The point of enjoying what we do has already been discussed in one of the earlier posts. Here, let me mark the ones ‘who don’t leave themselves much time to cherish what they do’ and those ‘who don’t give time to rest of many other things in life’. Can we not pause and look back every now and then, and ascertain certain amount of significance to our present?.. Can we not hurry a bit lesser and still maintain the pace?.. Can we not spend some time cultivating our other interests and passions and still perform?.. I believe we can.!!

For the rest of the many that I didn’t address I leave it to them to pull this string in their own direction. But for all….‘life does it to itself what we do to it’. In a cheerful sense, it is nice to enjoy every bit of it. And as one looks ahead to be a brighter star it is also nice to enjoy the ‘sunshine’ that one can find around.

Is time a valuable thing in this world? does it really matter? some people say ” time is money “. is that true? Please do check with the people mentioned below.

1. To understand the value of a micro second, ask a guy who finished second in a 100 meter race

2. To understand the value of a second, ask a guy who had met with an accident

3. To understand the value of minute, check with the person who had missed his train by coming a minute late

4. To understand the value of an hour, ask the person who went an hour late for an interview by the time every thing got over

5. To understand the value of a day, check with the guy who felt sick on the day of examination

6. To understand the value of a month, please ask the pregnant lady how she suffered the last month

7. To understand the value of an year, ask the people who had failed in their board exams.

Now, I don’t want to conlude any thing here and I completely leave it for the readers and you decide whether time really matters or is it really valuable? Please check with all the seven kinds of people and you(the readers) decide on this

As far as we know, everything made by Google was hit. But Google faced many failures also. Some flops are due to wrong deal in development and some are due to lack of continuing efforts to master it. Here we are giving top 10 flops of Google with a little description about it.

1. Google X

Google search home page that was styled after the Mac OS Dock user interface on OS X.

Google X may have been pulled because of worries that Apple’s copyright lawyers might not appreciate the “homage.”

2. Google Catalog

Google Catalog has been in a perpetual state of beta since 2002. Google Catalog now works more like the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine than like a place to browse and see before you buy.

3. Google Video Player

Critics dinged the Google player for poor organization of video clips, paid content that varied too much in price, and its inability to transfer video content to portable devices.

4. Google Web Accelerator

Google’s Web Accelerator is a combination of something you don’t really need and something that may compromise your privacy. Google using Web Accelerator as a market research tool not as a time saver.

5. Google Answers

For five years Google Answers allowed anyone to post a question along with a bid price they were willing to pay for a researched answer.

Google may not be accepting your questions, but you can still search the database of answers.

6. Google Coupons

Google Coupons is a feature within the Google Local Business Center service that allows companies to create Web-based coupons and display them within Google Maps. It’s a nifty idea, but as an avid user of Google Maps, in the two years Google Coupons has been available I’ve never come across one when using a map. Have you?

7. Google Voice Search

It works like this: First, visit the Google Voice Search site. Next, call the phone number on the screen and speak your keyword search query. Then go back to your browser, click on the link on the Google Voice Search site, and bingo, a window with the search results appears. It’s a complicated way to do an easy thing. At the moment, the demo of this service has been shutdown but the page is still up and running. Since then, products from Google, such as GOOG-411, have used the technology developed from this to create a worthwhile application.

8. Google Viewer

The idea behind the Google Viewer software program was that you could type in a query, press submit, and then sit back and watch as it loaded actual Web pages that it found.

Today you can preview the searched results in Yahoo, Ask.com and many more without any software installation.

9. Google Checkout

And in hopes of promoting its new Google Checkout payment system–which would be competing directly with eBay’s Paypal subsidiary–Google organized a party to be held during the eBay show, inviting eBay sellers to attend.

When eBay got wind of Google’s plan, it promptly cancelled all of its U.S. ads running on the search engine for more than a week. At the time, eBay was the single largest buyer of search ads on Google. Google cancelled its Boston tea party.

10. Orkut

The social networking site is a big hit in most of the countries, but in the U.S., Orkut has lagged in popularity behind Facebook and MySpace. Reasons behind this are factors like its early “invite only” policy, a lack of support for blogging tools, and an absence of video features. Nowadays it’s getting popular by introducing the features like videos.

Source: PC World

We hear a lot about “motivation” especially in this segment of the world. Sometimes we may not only need to motivate our self, but it may also be our responsibility to motivate a team. Is it possible to motivate our team? Well. When deadlines are due and stress is at its peak, motivation can be far from our vocabulary. Whether we are planning a meeting or event, or simply managing a tedious project, motivation is a key ingredient to success. It may seem impossible to motivate others sometimes; however, there are ways to accomplish this difficult task.

If we are given ‘management’ status during a particular project, not everyone is as pumped as we are to start checking off the tasks on the to-do. Maybe we aren’t the one needing motivation at all. However, we must recognize people have lives outside of work. If we expect our team to stay as late as we wish them to, most will only resent us. Set goals early on and let employees know well in advance if there are going to be some late nights. Sometimes even this may not work but if it is necessary we may what to do this. Make clear picture of how we are going to take this project forward and say the same to the team so they feel comfortable at all levels. Don’t think the team members can drop all outside activities the day we ask; otherwise we will be dealing with long faces, clock watchers and a group of people who are just not happy to be there with us.

From the process, we may learn that the best way to make a person work is not trying to make him work harder but by creating interest in what he/she does. Setting the right expectations is very crucial in managing one’s team.

My way of Motivation

When attempting to motivate, I always remember the group consists of individuals. Each individual has his or her own motivational factor. Some people are motivated by money and therefore would appreciate compensation for all of their hard work. Other people are motivated by gifts and would appreciate free tickets to an event. And believe it or not, some people are motivated simply by the words, “thank you”. I will try to recognize everyone’s individual drive and work as close as we can to support them. It sometimes to backfires but we need to understand each one is different. I always prefer to keep my personal life with an individual as far as possible from my professional life with him. I tend to do mistakes in the process, but learnt a lot from each.

Creating interest is one sole thing which I think can shift the balance from a whole negative to positive. I shouldn’t say that it is a one time job. We need to continuous inculcate the feeling that what the person does is good for their career. Again it may not be possible for some individuals under certain circumstances, but trying to create interest in what one does is no harm. I still am learning a lot as I go ahead but these will certainly help me to remember things longer.

Things to Remember

Lastly, always provide feedback and keep communication open with all team members. If someone is doing well, tell them. Always try to appreciate others if they do well, it not only helps others feel good but also will have a motivation drive on the person. If someone can honestly improve in an area, let that person know so he or she can improve but make sure it doesn’t look like a complaint. Also, keep an ‘open door’ policy and be approachable. Communication is the key to teamwork and effective motivation.

Keep an open mind and don’t criticize any ideas or questions. A good listener will automatically motivate his team. If you belittle those with a proposal, no one will want to add their part into it. Everyone must be allowed to contribute no matter how silly an idea seems at one stage. Many of the worlds’ greatest ideas and inventions wouldn’t be around today if ‘silly’ ideas were dismissed at the first place.

(I assured that I pass my knowledge of how to manage a team better through this article. I may have been rude sometimes in presenting my views. Please excuse me if I’m

Yours ever,

Ravi

Make money by introducing you with <a href=”https://www.blogger.com/start?hl=en” mce_href=”https://www.blogger.com/start?hl=en” target=’_blank’>Blogger</a>.

Hi everybody, this week i would like to discuss, how to make money by introducing yourself to the public through Blogger.

Now a days people are crazy about Blogs. wherever you see, you will find the blogs for the individuals in the cyberspace.

Whenever you see a Blog, the first question which you will stuck in your mind is, What is a blog?

let me see in google what it says? It Says that, A Blog is basically a journal that is available on the web. The activity of updating a blog is “blogging” and someone who keeps a blog is a “blogger”.

Blogs are typically updated daily using software that allows people with little or no technical background to update and maintain the blog.

The word blog is derived from the combination of the two words ‘web’ and ‘log’.  Blogs are virtual diaries created by individuals and stored on the internet. Blogs generally consist of text and images.

Do u wanna become a blogger?

There are lot of websites which will provide you this facility. But Blogger is one of the place where you can post your views.

Why are you waiting? Dont jump to IE or FIrefox and open google and search for Blogger.

This is much simpler, you need to register in the blogger.com and Name your blog and choose the template for your blog. This is very simple process.
Now fire your favorite browser and register to blogger.com. Follow the instructions.

Now you have created your own blog, and you can share your views to the public and now proudly you can tell to your friends that you have one own blog. There you can upload photos, managing templates for your blog.

Now coming to the important step: Not only sharing to the public, how one can make money with your blogs.

The simple answer is you can place google ads in your blog site, if any body clicks on it, you will get money. seems interesting.

Ok, now we will create an account for google ads.

Please visit www.google.com/adsense and register yourself with google. Please submit correct information like address, because to this address you will get your cheques.

Google will get back to you in 1-2 days. Google will check whether the info given by you is correct or not? If it is correct, then you will get an email from google.

Let me stop here. I will post the remaining steps to be followed in the next week.Hope you guys enjoyed.